Japanese J.League

Kyoto Sanga vs Gamba Osaka, 2026 Japanese J1 League, 2026 J1 100 Year Vision League

· Kyoto Sanga win 5-4 on penalties
  • 89': Haruki Arai
FT - Penalties
1 - 1
Kyoto Sanga win 5-4 on penalties
  • 90'+4': Harumi Minamino

About

Kyoto Sanga are hosting Gamba Osaka at Sanga Stadium by Kyocera, Kyoto, Japan, starting on . The match is a part of the Japanese J.League.

Match Commentary

  • 1': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Assists Shot at 1'
  • 1': Deniz Hümmet (Gamba Osaka) Shot Off Target at 1'
  • 2': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Blocked Pass at 2'
  • 2': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 2'
  • 2': Ryoya Yamashita (Gamba Osaka) Blocked Pass at 2'
  • 2': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 2'
  • 3': Gakuji Ota (Kyoto Sanga) Offside at 3'
  • 4': Shinnosuke Nakatani (Gamba Osaka) Free Kick at 4'
  • 4': Ryoya Yamashita (Gamba Osaka) Assists Shot at 4'
  • 4': Tokuma Suzuki (Gamba Osaka) Shot Blocked at 4'
  • 4': Temma Matsuda (Kyoto Sanga) Save at 4'
  • 5': Yoon Sung-Jun (Kyoto Sanga) Foul at 5'
  • 6': Takashi Usami (Gamba Osaka) Free Kick at 6'
  • 6': Ryoya Yamashita (Gamba Osaka) Blocked Pass at 6'
  • 6': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 6'
  • 6': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Blocked Pass at 6'
  • 7': Gakuji Ota (Kyoto Sanga) Offside at 7'
  • 7': Genta Miura (Gamba Osaka) Free Kick at 7'
  • 8': Taiyo Hiraoka (Kyoto Sanga) Shot Blocked at 8'
  • 8': Shinnosuke Fukuda (Kyoto Sanga) Assists Shot at 8'
  • 8': Genta Miura (Gamba Osaka) Save at 8'
  • 8': Barreto (Kyoto Sanga) Foul at 8'
  • 8': Genta Miura (Gamba Osaka) Free Kick at 8'
  • 8': Shinnosuke Fukuda (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 8'
  • 8': João Pedro Mendes (Kyoto Sanga) Shot Off Target at 8'
  • 9': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 9'
  • 9': Taiyo Hiraoka (Kyoto Sanga) Blocked Pass at 9'
  • 9': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 9'
  • 10': João Pedro Mendes (Kyoto Sanga) Shot Blocked at 10'
  • 10': Shinya Nakano (Gamba Osaka) Save at 10'
  • 10': Temma Matsuda (Kyoto Sanga) Foul at 10'
  • 11': Genta Miura (Gamba Osaka) Free Kick at 11'
  • 11': Temma Matsuda (Kyoto Sanga) Foul at 11'
  • 12': Rui Araki (Gamba Osaka) Free Kick at 12'
  • 12': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 12'
  • 12': Tokuma Suzuki (Gamba Osaka) Blocked Pass at 12'
  • 12': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 12'
  • 12': Barreto (Kyoto Sanga) Blocked Pass at 12'
  • 13': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 13'
  • 15': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 15'
  • 15': Ryoya Yamashita (Gamba Osaka) Assists Shot at 15'
  • 15': Takashi Usami (Gamba Osaka) Shot Off Target at 15'
  • 15': Yoshinori Suzuki (Kyoto Sanga) Corner Kick at 15'
  • 16': Rin Mito (Gamba Osaka) Foul at 16'
  • 16': Yoshinori Suzuki (Kyoto Sanga) Free Kick at 16'
  • 17': Shinnosuke Fukuda (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 17'
  • 17': Barreto (Kyoto Sanga) Assists Shot at 17'
  • 17': João Pedro Mendes (Kyoto Sanga) Shot Off Target at 17'
  • 17': Rui Araki (Gamba Osaka) Save at 17'
  • 17': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Corner Kick at 17'
  • 18': Temma Matsuda (Kyoto Sanga) Assists Shot at 18'
  • 18': Shinnosuke Fukuda (Kyoto Sanga) Shot Off Target at 18'
  • 19': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 19'
  • 19': Tokuma Suzuki (Gamba Osaka) Corner Kick at 19'
  • 19': Barreto (Kyoto Sanga) Corner Kick at 19'
  • 20': Shinya Nakano (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 20'
  • 22': Shinya Nakano (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 22'
  • 22': Shinya Nakano (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 22'
  • 23': Marco Túlio (Kyoto Sanga) Blocked Pass at 23'
  • 24': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 24'
  • 24': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 24'
  • 24': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 24'
  • 25': Shinya Nakano (Gamba Osaka) Blocked Pass at 25'
  • 25': Shinnosuke Fukuda (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 25'
  • 25': Barreto (Kyoto Sanga) Blocked Pass at 25'
  • 25': João Pedro Mendes (Kyoto Sanga) Blocked Pass at 25'
  • 27': João Pedro Mendes (Kyoto Sanga) Shot Off Target at 27'
  • 27': Temma Matsuda (Kyoto Sanga) Assists Shot at 27'
  • 29': Hisashi Appiah Tawiah (Kyoto Sanga) Offside at 29'
  • 30': Rui Araki (Gamba Osaka) Free Kick at 30'
  • 30': Temma Matsuda (Kyoto Sanga) Foul at 30'
  • 31': Takashi Usami (Gamba Osaka) Free Kick at 31'
  • 31': Takashi Usami (Gamba Osaka) Assists Shot at 31'
  • 31': Genta Miura (Gamba Osaka) Shot Off Target at 31'
  • 31': Deniz Hümmet (Gamba Osaka) Foul at 31'
  • 32': Gakuji Ota (Kyoto Sanga) Free Kick at 32'
  • 32': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 32'
  • 32': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 32'
  • 32': Yoon Sung-Jun (Kyoto Sanga) Offside at 32'
  • 33': Genta Miura (Gamba Osaka) Free Kick at 33'
  • 33': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Offside at 33'
  • 33': Yoshinori Suzuki (Kyoto Sanga) Free Kick at 33'
  • 34': Takashi Usami (Gamba Osaka) Blocked Pass at 34'
  • 35': Marco Túlio (Kyoto Sanga) Corner Kick at 35'
  • 35': Genta Miura (Gamba Osaka) Corner Kick at 35'
  • 36': Tokuma Suzuki (Gamba Osaka) Assists Shot at 36'
  • 36': Deniz Hümmet (Gamba Osaka) Shot Off Target at 36'
  • 38': Takashi Usami (Gamba Osaka) Blocked Pass at 38'
  • 38': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 38'
  • 39': Shinnosuke Fukuda (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 39'
  • 40': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 40'
  • 40': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Blocked Pass at 40'
  • 41': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 41'
  • 41': Deniz Hümmet (Gamba Osaka) Blocked Pass at 41'
  • 42': Shinnosuke Fukuda (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 42'
  • 42': Yoon Sung-Jun (Kyoto Sanga) Foul at 42'
  • 45': Rui Araki (Gamba Osaka) Free Kick at 45'
  • 45': Yoon Sung-Jun (Kyoto Sanga) Blocked Pass at 45'
  • 45': Shinnosuke Fukuda (Kyoto Sanga) Blocked Pass at 45'
  • 45': Shinnosuke Fukuda (Kyoto Sanga) Corner Kick at 45'
  • 45'+1': Shinya Nakano (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 46'
  • 45'+1': Rin Mito (Gamba Osaka) Blocked Pass at 46'
  • 45'+2': Shinnosuke Fukuda (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 47'
  • 45'+2': Shinya Nakano (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 47'
  • 47': Ryoya Yamashita (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 47'
  • 47': Taiyo Hiraoka (Kyoto Sanga) Blocked Pass at 47'
  • 47': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 47'
  • 48': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 48'
  • 49': João Pedro Mendes (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 49'
  • 51': Shinya Nakano (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 51'
  • 51': Takashi Usami (Gamba Osaka) Foul at 51'
  • 51': Takashi Usami (Gamba Osaka) Yellow Card at 51'
  • 53': Temma Matsuda (Kyoto Sanga) Free Kick at 53'
  • 53': Yoon Sung-Jun (Kyoto Sanga) Shot Blocked at 53'
  • 53': Kanji Okunuki (Gamba Osaka) Save at 53'
  • 53': Kanji Okunuki (Gamba Osaka) Corner Kick at 53'
  • 54': João Pedro Mendes (Kyoto Sanga) Foul at 54'
  • 54': Rui Araki (Gamba Osaka) Free Kick at 54'
  • 54': Rin Mito (Gamba Osaka) Corner Kick at 54'
  • 54': Rin Mito (Gamba Osaka) Corner Kick at 54'
  • 55': Rui Araki (Gamba Osaka) Assists Shot at 55'
  • 55': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Shot Off Target at 55'
  • 55': Takashi Usami (Gamba Osaka) Corner Kick at 55'
  • 55': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Corner Kick at 55'
  • 57': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 57'
  • 57': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 57'
  • 58': Barreto (Kyoto Sanga) Blocked Pass at 58'
  • 58': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 58'
  • 58': Deniz Hümmet (Gamba Osaka) Foul at 58'
  • 58': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Free Kick at 58'
  • 59': João Pedro Mendes (Kyoto Sanga) Blocked Pass at 59'
  • 59': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 59'
  • 59': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 59'
  • 59': Takashi Usami (Gamba Osaka) Assists Shot at 59'
  • 59': Deniz Hümmet (Gamba Osaka) Shot Blocked at 59'
  • 59': Shinnosuke Fukuda (Kyoto Sanga) Save at 59'
  • 59': Deniz Hümmet (Gamba Osaka) Corner Kick at 59'
  • 59': Shinnosuke Fukuda (Kyoto Sanga) Corner Kick at 59'
  • 60': Takashi Usami (Gamba Osaka) Assists Shot at 60'
  • 60': Shinnosuke Nakatani (Gamba Osaka) Shot Blocked at 60'
  • 60': Hisashi Appiah Tawiah (Kyoto Sanga) Save at 60'
  • 61': Marco Túlio (Kyoto Sanga) Foul at 61'
  • 61': Papagaio (Kyoto Sanga) Substitution at 61'
  • 62': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Free Kick at 62'
  • 62': Deniz Hümmet (Gamba Osaka) Foul at 62'
  • 62': Gakuji Ota (Kyoto Sanga) Free Kick at 62'
  • 62': Papagaio (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 62'
  • 63': Tokuma Suzuki (Gamba Osaka) Corner Kick at 63'
  • 63': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Shot Off Target at 63'
  • 63': Taiyo Hiraoka (Kyoto Sanga) Assists Shot at 63'
  • 65': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Foul at 65'
  • 66': Shinya Nakano (Gamba Osaka) Free Kick at 66'
  • 67': Shinya Nakano (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 67'
  • 68': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 68'
  • 68': Shinnosuke Fukuda (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 68'
  • 70': Harumi Minamino (Gamba Osaka) Substitution at 70'
  • 70': Ryotaro Meshino (Gamba Osaka) Substitution at 70'
  • 70': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 70'
  • 70': Rin Mito (Gamba Osaka) Corner Kick at 70'
  • 71': Hisashi Appiah Tawiah (Kyoto Sanga) Foul at 71'
  • 71': Rui Araki (Gamba Osaka) Free Kick at 71'
  • 72': Temma Matsuda (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 72'
  • 72': Papagaio (Kyoto Sanga) Shot Off Target at 72'
  • 72': Marco Túlio (Kyoto Sanga) Assists Shot at 72'
  • 73': Taiki Hirato (Kyoto Sanga) Substitution at 73'
  • 73': Haruki Arai (Kyoto Sanga) Substitution at 73'
  • 74': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Shot Blocked at 74'
  • 74': Haruki Arai (Kyoto Sanga) Save at 74'
  • 74': Deniz Hümmet (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 74'
  • 75': Shinnosuke Fukuda (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 75'
  • 75': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 75'
  • 75': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Blocked Pass at 75'
  • 76': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Blocked Pass at 76'
  • 76': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 76'
  • 77': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 77'
  • 77': João Pedro Mendes (Kyoto Sanga) Foul at 77'
  • 77': Tokuma Suzuki (Gamba Osaka) Free Kick at 77'
  • 78': Shinnosuke Fukuda (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 78'
  • 78': Shinnosuke Fukuda (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 78'
  • 78': Tokuma Suzuki (Gamba Osaka) Blocked Pass at 78'
  • 79': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 79'
  • 79': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Foul at 79'
  • 80': Taiki Hirato (Kyoto Sanga) Free Kick at 80'
  • 80': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 80'
  • 81': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 81'
  • 81': Tokuma Suzuki (Gamba Osaka) Offside at 81'
  • 82': Gakuji Ota (Kyoto Sanga) Free Kick at 82'
  • 82': Rin Mito (Gamba Osaka) Blocked Pass at 82'
  • 82': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 82'
  • 84': Shinya Nakano (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 84'
  • 84': Shinnosuke Fukuda (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 84'
  • 85': Shinnosuke Fukuda (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 85'
  • 85': Shinya Nakano (Gamba Osaka) Foul at 85'
  • 85': João Pedro Mendes (Kyoto Sanga) Free Kick at 85'
  • 85': João Pedro Mendes (Kyoto Sanga) Assists Shot at 85'
  • 85': Papagaio (Kyoto Sanga) Shot On Target at 85'
  • 85': Rui Araki (Gamba Osaka) Save at 85'
  • 85': Taiki Hirato (Kyoto Sanga) Foul at 85'
  • 86': Rui Araki (Gamba Osaka) Free Kick at 86'
  • 86': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 86'
  • 86': Papagaio (Kyoto Sanga) Blocked Pass at 86'
  • 86': Papagaio (Kyoto Sanga) Assists Shot at 86'
  • 86': Shinnosuke Fukuda (Kyoto Sanga) Shot Off Target at 86'
  • 87': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 87'
  • 87': João Pedro Mendes (Kyoto Sanga) Blocked Pass at 87'
  • 87': Haruki Arai (Kyoto Sanga) Foul at 87'
  • 88': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Free Kick at 88'
  • 88': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 88'
  • 89': Kyo Sato (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 89'
  • 89': Papagaio (Kyoto Sanga) Assist at 89'
  • 89': Haruki Arai (Kyoto Sanga) Goal at 89'
  • 90'+1': Shinnosuke Nakatani (Gamba Osaka) Offside at 91'
  • 90'+2': Takuji Yonemoto (Kyoto Sanga) Substitution at 92'
  • 90'+2': Shogo Asada (Kyoto Sanga) Substitution at 92'
  • 90'+2': Gakuji Ota (Kyoto Sanga) Free Kick at 92'
  • 90'+3': Ryoya Yamashita (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 93'
  • 90'+3': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 93'
  • 90'+3': Papagaio (Kyoto Sanga) Foul at 93'
  • 90'+4': Tokuma Suzuki (Gamba Osaka) Free Kick at 94'
  • 90'+4': Harumi Minamino (Gamba Osaka) Goal at 94'
  • 90'+6': Takeru Kishimoto (Gamba Osaka) Throw In at 96'
  • 90'+7': Shogo Asada (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 97'
  • 90'+7': Shogo Asada (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 97'
  • 90'+7': Shogo Asada (Kyoto Sanga) Throw In at 97'
  • 90'+8': Marco Túlio (Kyoto Sanga) Corner Kick at 98'
  • 90'+8': Rin Mito (Gamba Osaka) Corner Kick at 98'
  • 90'+8': Taiki Hirato (Kyoto Sanga) Assists Shot at 98'
  • 90'+8': Papagaio (Kyoto Sanga) Shot Off Target at 98'
  • 91': Harumi Minamino (Gamba Osaka) Penalty - Scored at 91'
  • 92': Marco Túlio (Kyoto Sanga) Penalty - Scored at 92'
  • 93': Ryotaro Meshino (Gamba Osaka) Penalty - Scored at 93'
  • 94': João Pedro Mendes (Kyoto Sanga) Penalty - Missed at 94'
  • 94': Rui Araki (Gamba Osaka) Penalty - Saved at 94'
  • 95': Shinnosuke Nakatani (Gamba Osaka) Penalty - Missed at 95'
  • 95': Gakuji Ota (Kyoto Sanga) Penalty - Saved at 95'
  • 96': Papagaio (Kyoto Sanga) Penalty - Scored at 96'
  • 97': Deniz Hümmet (Gamba Osaka) Penalty - Scored at 97'
  • 98': Takuji Yonemoto (Kyoto Sanga) Penalty - Scored at 98'
  • 98': Genta Miura (Gamba Osaka) Penalty - Scored at 98'
  • 99': Shogo Asada (Kyoto Sanga) Penalty - Scored at 99'
  • 100': Ryoya Yamashita (Gamba Osaka) Penalty - Missed at 100'
  • 100': Gakuji Ota (Kyoto Sanga) Penalty - Saved at 100'
  • 101': Taiki Hirato (Kyoto Sanga) Penalty - Missed at 101'
  • 101': Rui Araki (Gamba Osaka) Penalty - Saved at 101'
  • 102': Tokuma Suzuki (Gamba Osaka) Penalty - Missed at 102'
  • 102': Gakuji Ota (Kyoto Sanga) Penalty - Saved at 102'
  • 103': Shinnosuke Fukuda (Kyoto Sanga) Penalty - Scored at 103'

Statistics

https://a.espncdn.com/combiner/i?img=/i/teamlogos/soccer/500/7102.png&h=25&scale=crop&w=25&location=originGAM KYOhttps://a.espncdn.com/combiner/i?img=/i/teamlogos/soccer/500/21361.png&h=25&scale=crop&w=25&location=origin
7 Fouls 14
1 Yellow Cards 0
0 Red Cards 0
3 Offsides 4
3 Corner Kicks 7
1 Saves 0
47.8 Possession 52.2
9 SHOTS 12
1 ON GOAL 2
0.1 On Target % 0.2
0 Penalty Goals 0
0 Penalty Kicks Taken 0
188 Accurate Passes 220
331 Passes 349
0.6 Pass Completion % 0.6
2 Accurate Crosses 8
9 Crosses 20
0.2 Cross % 0.4
80 Long Balls 42
29 Accurate Long Balls 11
0.4 Long Balls % 0.3
4 Blocked Shots 2
15 Effective Tackles 11
20 Tackles 16
0.8 Tackle % 0.7
15 Interceptions 12
23 Effective Clearances 27
23 Clearances 27

Game Information

Competition: Japanese J.League

Venue: Sanga Stadium by Kyocera
Location: Kyoto, Japan
Attendance: 19,891

Japanese J1 League Standings

# TEAM GP GD PTS
1 Vissel Kobe 18 +6 35
2 Cerezo Osaka 18 +7 31
3 Nagoya Grampus 18 +3 31
4 Sanfrecce Hiroshima 18 +8 30
Full Standings

Line-Ups

KYO Kyoto Sanga (4-3-3)

No. Name
1 Gakuji Ota (GK)
50 Yoshinori Suzuki
5 Hisashi Appiah Tawiah
44 Kyo Sato
2 Shinnosuke Fukuda
25 Yoon Sung-Jun
16 Taiyo Hiraoka
6 João Pedro Mendes
88 Barreto
18 Temma Matsuda
11 Marco Túlio

GAM Gamba Osaka (4-2-3-1)

No. Name
18 Rui Araki (GK)
4 Shinnosuke Nakatani
5 Genta Miura
47 Shinya Nakano
15 Takeru Kishimoto
7 Takashi Usami Yellow Card
27 Rin Mito
16 Tokuma Suzuki
23 Deniz Hümmet
44 Kanji Okunuki
17 Ryoya Yamashita

Japanese J1 League News

Tete Yengi credits journeyman career for World Cup call-up
Tete Yengi credits journeyman career for World Cup call-up

Socceroos bolter Tete Yengi says his journey to the national team has not been straightforward, but he believes these adventures have played a key role in his pursuit of becoming the "ultimate player" and, more importantly, a World Cup representative.

Why Japan could be the most exciting team at the 2026 FIFA World Cup
Why Japan could be the most exciting team at the 2026 FIFA World Cup

Even with a couple of key players out through injury, Japan could still be the most exciting team at the 2026 World Cup.

Tolgay Arslan's last chapter with Sanfrecce Hiroshima brought some final silverware, and a closing sense of fulfilment
Tolgay Arslan's last chapter with Sanfrecce Hiroshima brought some final silverware, and a closing sense of fulfilment

Tolgay Arslan has announced his retirement -- perhaps ending it all after a final sense of fulfilment at Sanfrecce Hiroshima.

Could this FIFA World Cup be Takefusa Kubo's time to shine for Japan?
Could this FIFA World Cup be Takefusa Kubo's time to shine for Japan?

After a disappointing World Cup debut last time out, 2026 could just be Takefusa Kubo's time to shine for Japan.

A-League triumph the latest achievement in Hiroki Sakai's underrated career
A-League triumph the latest achievement in Hiroki Sakai's underrated career

Hiroki Sakai's decision to join Auckland FC has now led to him becoming an A-League Men championship-winning captain.